Керамика из карбида кремния (SiC)

Known since the late 19th century as carborundum silicon carbide ceramics (SiC), this compound of silicon and carbon has evolved from abrasive powders into a cornerstone material for high-performance engineering. Today, silicon carbide ceramics are indispensable in industries ranging from semiconductors and electronics to aerospace, automotive, energy, and chemical processing.

What is silicon carbide? In scientific terms, it is a covalently bonded silicon carbide compound with the chemical formula SiC, exhibiting a unique crystalline structure that can exist in different polytypes (3C, 4H, 6H). Its high hardness (Mohs 9.5), low density (~3.1 g/cm³), high melting temperature (~2,700 °C), and excellent silicon carbide thermal conductivity make it ideal for demanding applications where metals or plastics fail.

At Great Ceramic, we provide engineered silicon carbide parts tailored to customer requirements, offering unmatched precision, consistency, and reliability.

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Карбид кремния керамический-SIC-керамические материалы-Great Ceramic

Advantages of Silicon Carbide Ceramics

The unique combination of mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties makes SiC stand out among technical ceramics.

With a Vickers hardness of around 22 GPa, silicon carbide hardness approaches that of diamond and cubic boron nitride. This makes SiC an ideal choice for wear-resistant parts, seal rings, and abrasives.

With silicon carbide density typically between 3.02–3.15 g/cm³, it offers exceptional strength without excessive weight—an important advantage in aerospace and automotive systems.

SiC thermal conductivity exceeds 100 W/m·K, making it an excellent material for heat exchangers, semiconductor wafers, and power electronics substrates.

A coefficient of thermal expansion (SiC CTE) of ~4 × 10⁻⁶/K ensures excellent dimensional stability, even under thermal shock and fluctuating temperatures.

Resistant to acids, salts, and most chemicals, while forming a protective SiO₂ film above 1,300 °C to resist oxidation.

The electrical properties of silicon carbide allow it to be used as a wide-bandgap semiconductor, ideal for high-power, high-temperature electronic devices.

Its combination of hardness, strength, and corrosion resistance means silicon carbide products significantly outperform metals and polymers in harsh environments.

Отраслевые применения

Silicon carbide usage spans numerous industries thanks to its exceptional properties:

In aerospace, silicon carbide applications include turbine components, engine parts, and thermal protection systems. Its high-temperature capability and lightweight nature make it ideal for these demanding environments. Silicon carbide ceramics are also used in armor protection systems for vehicles and personnel due to their exceptional hardness and lightweight properties.

The semiconductor properties of SiC have revolutionized power electronics. Silicon carbide technology enables more efficient power conversion, higher frequency operation, and better thermal management compared to traditional silicon semiconductors. This makes it valuable for inverters, converters, and power supplies in energy applications.

In industrial settings, silicon carbide products such as nozzles, seals, bearings, and cutting tools provide exceptional wear resistance and longevity. The material's hardness and chemical inertness make it ideal for these demanding applications.

The automotive industry utilizes SiC for brake disks, clutch components, and ceramic filters. In electric vehicles, silicon carbide semiconductors are crucial for power control systems, improving efficiency and reducing heat generation.

In semiconductor manufacturing, silicon carbide ceramics are used for wafer processing fixtures, susceptors, and plasma-resistant components. The material's purity, thermal stability, and plasma resistance make it ideal for these critical applications.

Silicon carbide tubes, heat exchangers, and reaction chambers provide exceptional corrosion resistance in chemical processing environments. The material withstands aggressive acids, alkalis, and high temperatures where metals would rapidly degrade.

SiC's radiation resistance and stability at high temperatures make it suitable for nuclear applications, including fuel cladding and structural components in advanced reactor designs.

Применение передовой керамики в автомобилестроении
Применение передовой керамики в промышленном оборудовании
Применение передовой керамики в общем производстве
Применение усовершенствованной керамики в химической промышленности, производстве пластмасс и резины
Передовые керамические компоненты для аэрокосмической промышленности
Применение передовой керамики в полупроводниковой и электронной промышленности
техническая керамика, используемая в медицинских приборах
Применение передовой керамики в нефтегазовой промышленности

Available grades of silicon carbide materials

Great Ceramic provides a range of high-performance silicon carbide materials optimized per application:

Pressureless Sintered Silicon Carbide Ceramics（SSIC）

Pressureless sintered silicon carbide ceramics (SSiC) are high-performance structural ceramics produced through a high-temperature, pressureless sintering process. Their primary component is high-purity silicon carbide powder. No metallic binder or external pressure is required during the sintering process, resulting in extremely high purity and density, resulting in excellent overall performance. This material is widely used in extremely harsh environments due to its exceptional mechanical strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.

Основные характеристики

  • Ultra-High Hardness and Wear Resistance
  • With a Mohs hardness approaching 9.5, second only to diamond and cubic boron nitride, SSiC exhibits exceptional wear resistance, making it ideal for use in high-friction and high-wear environments.
  • Excellent Mechanical Strength: It possesses high flexural and compressive strengths, maintaining stable mechanical properties even at high temperatures.
  • High-Temperature Resistance: It can withstand long-term stable operation in air environments exceeding 1600°C and in inert atmospheres at temperatures exceeding 1600°C.
  • Excellent Corrosion Resistance: Excellent corrosion resistance to strong acids, bases, and most organic solvents, making it suitable for use in corrosive environments.
  • Excellent Thermal Performance: High thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent thermal shock resistance, and resistance to cracking due to sudden temperature changes.
  • High Purity and Insulation: The pressureless sintering process eliminates the introduction of metallic impurities, resulting in high material purity while maintaining excellent electrical insulation properties.

Типовые применения

  • Mechanical Seals: Seal rings and bushings in pumps and compressors
  • Chemical Equipment: Corrosion-resistant pipes, nozzles, and valve linings
  • Semiconductor and Electronics Industries: High-temperature carriers, furnace tubes, and liners
  • Wear-resistant Components: Bearings, wear-resistant linings, and sandblasting nozzles
  • Energy and Environmental Protection: Furnace components in the photovoltaic industry, waste incinerator linings

Производственный процесс

Pressureless sintered silicon carbide ceramics are made from high-purity SiC powder, which is then formed into a mold with a small amount of sintering aid and pressurelessly sintered at temperatures exceeding 2000°C. This process gives the material a dense structure close to the theoretical density, with fine and uniform grains, thus ensuring excellent comprehensive performance.

Reaction-Sintered Silicon Carbide Ceramics (SISiC)

Reaction-Sintered Silicon Carbide Ceramics (SISiC) is a high-performance ceramic material made from silicon carbide (SiC) powder and a carbon source. Liquid silicon is infiltrated into a green body at high temperature, generating a reaction that produces new silicon carbide. Compared to pressureless-sintered silicon carbide (SSiC), SISiC boasts lower production temperatures and a more flexible process, enabling the fabrication of large-scale and complex-shaped structural components. Consequently, it enjoys widespread industrial application.

Основные характеристики

  • High Hardness and Wear Resistance: SISiC boasts excellent hardness (approximately 9 on the Mohs scale) and excellent wear resistance, making it suitable for friction and abrasion applications.
  • High Mechanical Strength: SISiC exhibits excellent flexural and compressive strength. Although lower than SSiC, it meets the requirements of most industrial applications.
  • Good Corrosion Resistance: SISiC is stable in most acidic and alkaline media and exhibits excellent oxidation resistance, making it suitable for use in the chemical industry.
  • Excellent Thermal Performance: SISiC exhibits a low coefficient of thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, and excellent thermal shock resistance, enabling stable operation under high-temperature conditions.
  • Capable of Manufacturing Complex Structures: The reaction sintering process is capable of producing large, thin-walled components with complex geometries without the need for expensive hot pressing equipment.

Типовые применения

  • Mechanical seals and pump components: seal rings, bushings, pump impellers
  • Chemical equipment: corrosion-resistant linings, valves, nozzles
  • Thermal equipment: kiln furniture, furnace linings, and supports
  • Energy: wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant components for wind, thermal, and nuclear power plants
  • Metallurgical industry: nozzles, channel linings, and sliding bearings

Производственный процесс

The preparation process of reaction-sintered silicon carbide typically involves:

  • Mix silicon carbide powder with a carbon source to form a green body;
  • Infiltrate liquid silicon at high temperature;
  • The liquid silicon reacts with carbon to form new silicon carbide, densifying the green body.

The advantages of this method include a simple process, low sintering temperature, and minimal dimensional shrinkage, enabling the production of large, complex components close to net dimensions. However, due to the presence of residual silicon, its high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance are slightly inferior to those of SSiC.

Key Properties of Silicon Carbide

Great Ceramic offers a variety of silicon carbide materials for customers to choose from. The following values are typical material properties and may vary depending on product configuration and manufacturing process. For more details, please feel free to связаться с нами.

Свойства Единица SSiC SiSiC Si3N4
Цвет -- Темно-серый Темно-серый Серый или черный
Плотность г/см³ 3.15 3.02 3.2
Пористость % ≤0.1 ≤0.1 --
Твердость ГПа 22 22 15
Прочность на сжатие МПа 2600 2600 2500
Прочность на изгиб МПа 400 250 700
Модуль упругости ГПа 410 330 300
Максимальная температура использования ℃ 1400 1000 1100
Теплопроводность Вт/(м・К) 100~120 45(1200℃) 15~20
Коэффициент теплового расширения 1 x 10-6/°C 4 4.5 3

Химические свойства материалов из карбида кремния

Когда температура кислородной реакции достигает 1300°C, на поверхности кристалла карбида кремния образуется защитный слой диоксида кремния. По мере утолщения защитного слоя внутренний карбид кремния сопротивляется и продолжает соединяться, поэтому кристаллический карбид кремния обладает хорошей химической стойкостью. С точки зрения коррозионной стойкости, материалы SiC обладают сильной кислотостойкостью благодаря роли защитной пленки диоксида кремния, но плохой щелочестойкостью.

Silicon Carbide Ceramics Application Cases

Great Ceramic's silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics combine outstanding hardness, excellent thermal conductivity, superior wear resistance, and exceptional chemical stability, making them one of the most advanced ceramic materials for demanding industrial applications. With a high melting point, low thermal expansion, and ability to withstand extreme environments, silicon carbide ceramics are ideal for industries that require durability, efficiency, and long service life.

Key Applications of Silicon Carbide Ceramics:

  • Mechanical Seal Rings & Bearings
  • Aerospace Components
  • Silicon Carbide Crucibles
  • Semiconductor Wafer Carriers & Substrates
  • Automotive Components
  • Nuclear & Energy Applications
  • Abrasives & Cutting Tools (Carborundum)
  • Heat Exchangers & Tubes
  • Electronic & Electrical Insulators
  • Custom Precision Ceramic Parts
Керамические насадки из нитрида бора
Керамика из карбида кремния Механическое уплотнение Прокладочное кольцо 1
Лазерная резка подложки из нитрида алюминия
Пользовательские керамические рабочие колеса из карбида кремния
Уплотнительное кольцо из карбидкремниевой керамики (SIC)
Керамическая проставка из нитрида алюминия
Поверхность металлизированной керамики
Внутренняя керамическая втулка из карбида кремния - футеровка песчаной мельницы

Silicon Carbide Ceramic Machining

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics are known for their extreme hardness, high thermal conductivity, and excellent wear resistance, making them one of the most challenging technical ceramics to process. At Great Ceramic, we provide comprehensive silicon carbide machining services that deliver industry-leading precision, performance, and reliability.

During machining, we employ advanced diamond grinding, precision lapping, and fine polishing techniques to achieve micron-level tolerances and exceptional surface finishes. These capabilities allow us to meet the stringent structural accuracy and surface quality requirements of mechanical seals, semiconductor substrates, crucibles, heat exchangers, and aerospace components.

With years of technical expertise and state-of-the-art equipment, Great Ceramic not only supplies standardized silicon carbide parts but also develops customized complex components tailored to specific industrial needs, ensuring high reliability and long service life under extreme working conditions.

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Полировка поверхностей для получения гладких поверхностей и поверхностей оптического качества.

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Сборки с керамической и металлической пайкой

Металлизация и сварка

Металлизация (Mo/Mn, W) для пайки керамики к металлу.

Часто задаваемые вопросы

Карбид кремния (SiC) is a synthetic compound of silicon and carbon known for its exceptional hardness, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. It occurs in nature only rarely as the mineral moissanite but is widely produced for industrial applications. The silicon carbide definition encompasses both the simple compound and the advanced ceramic materials derived from it.

Да, silicon carbide is a ceramic material—specifically an advanced technical ceramic. Unlike traditional clay-based ceramics, SiC is part of a class of materials known as "advanced," "engineering," or "technical" ceramics, which are characterized by their superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.

Silicon carbide is used for a wide range of applications including abrasives, refractories, ceramic armor, semiconductor electronics, heating elements, and high-temperature components. Specific silicon carbide applications include mechanical seals, cutting tools, furnace components, power electronics, and wear-resistant parts in industrial equipment.

Silicon carbide is made through several processes. The traditional Acheson method involves heating silica sand and carbon in an electric furnace to temperatures above 2200°C. For higher purity materials, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used. To create solid silicon carbide ceramics, powders are formed into shapes and sintered at high temperatures (2000-2200°C) to achieve densification.

Сайт electrical properties of silicon carbide can vary widely. Pure SiC is an electrical semiconductor with a bandgap approximately three times wider than silicon. However, silicon carbide conductivity can be modified through doping with specific elements. Some grades can conduct electricity, while others are insulators. The conductivity of silicon carbide makes it valuable for electronic devices that operate at high temperatures, high frequencies, or high power levels.

Карбид кремния is extremely hard, ranking 9.2-9.5 on the Mohs scale—just below diamond (10) and boron carbide (9.5+). Its hardness is approximately 2500-2800 kgf/mm² (Vickers), making it one of the hardest materials available commercially. This extreme hardness contributes to its excellent wear and abrasion resistance.

Карбид кремния has high mechanical strength, with flexural strength typically ranging from 300-600 MPa. It maintains this strength at elevated temperatures—at 1400°C, it retains approximately 85% of its room temperature strength. The strength of silicon carbide, combined with its relatively low density, gives it an outstanding strength-to-weight ratio compared to metals and other ceramics.

Великая керамика - Передовая керамика - Керамика на основе нитрида алюминия

Нитрид алюминия

Великая керамика - Передовая керамика - Керамика на основе нитрида кремния 2

Нитрид кремния

Эксперт по передовому производству керамики

Why Choose us for Silicon Carbide Ceramics?

На сайте Отличная керамика, we are more than just a silicon carbide ceramics supplier — we are a precision engineering partner. Our strengths include:

  • Material Expertise – In-depth knowledge of SiC properties ensures optimal solutions.
  • Advanced Manufacturing – Precision grinding and polishing for micron-level accuracy.
  • Customization – From standard parts to complex components.
  • Quality Assurance – Strict testing for reliability and performance.
  • Global Reach – Trusted by industries worldwide.

Looking for high-performance silicon carbide ceramics that deliver strength, precision, and reliability?