Dielectric Constant of Advanced Ceramics
The dielectric constant, also known as relative permittivity (εr), is a measure of how well a material can store electrical energy in an electric field. It represents the ratio of a material’s permittivity to the permittivity of vacuum (ε₀). A higher dielectric constant implies greater capacity to store charge, which is critical in capacitors, insulators, and high-frequency electronic components.
Advanced ceramic materials are widely used in high frequency, high power, microwave, radar and packaging fields due to their different dielectric properties. When selecting, companies should evaluate the optimal material combination based on comprehensive factors such as operating frequency, thermal management, mechanical structure and dimensional accuracy.
Importance of Dielectric Constant in Ceramics
Ceramic materials are widely used in electronics and electrical insulation due to their:
The dielectric constant plays a pivotal role in RF components, substrates, capacitors, antennas및 semiconductor packaging. Selecting the correct ceramic material with a suitable dielectric constant ensures optimal performance, especially in high-frequency and high-temperature environments.
Factors Affecting the Dielectric Constant of Ceramics
Dielectric Loss & Frequency Stability
While εr determines charge storage ability, dielectric loss (tan δ) measures energy dissipation. Materials like PTFE or h-BN have very low tan δ, making them suitable for high-frequency RF designs.
Another factor is frequency dependence. Some ceramics like zirconia have higher dielectric constants but exhibit greater loss and instability at GHz ranges, whereas AlN and Si₃N₄ remain more stable.
Dielectric Constants of Common Ceramic Materials
| 세라믹 소재 | 유전 상수(εr) | 특성 |
|---|---|---|
| 알루미나(Al₂O₃) | 9-10 | Low loss, stable structure, cost-effective |
| 지르코니아(ZrO₂) | 18–25 | High strength, high thermal expansion |
| ZTA20 (Zirconia Toughened Alumina) | 12-15 | Combines strength and dielectric properties |
| 질화규소(Si₃N₄) | 7–8 | High strength, low dielectric loss |
| 질화 알루미늄(AlN) | 8.5–9 | High thermal conductivity, low dielectric loss |
| 실리콘 카바이드(SiC) | 9.7–10.2 | Excellent high-frequency stability |
| 베릴륨 산화물(BeO) | 6.5–7.5 | High thermal conductivity, low εr |
| Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) | ~4 | Very low εr, excellent thermal stability |
| MGC(가공 가능한 유리 세라믹) | 5.6 | CNC machinable, ideal for microwave structures |
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Material Selection Guide: Choosing Ceramics Based on Dielectric Constant
| Application Direction | 추천 자료 | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| High-frequency/Low-loss | AlN, BeO, h-BN | Low εr + low loss + high thermal conductivity |
| Power Packaging/Cooling | AlN, Al₂O₃ | Moderate εr + excellent heat dissipation |
| Radar Dome/Antenna Cover | MGC, BeO | Good machinability + low εr |
| High-frequency Capacitors | ZrO₂, ZTA | High εr + good mechanical strength |
| Microwave Structures | MGC | Easy to machine + stable dielectric performance |
올바른 세라믹을 선택하는 데 도움이 필요하세요?
Understanding the dielectric properties of advanced ceramics is critical to selecting the right materials for use in electrical and electronic applications. Whether it’s RF components, power electronics, or thermal management systems, our materials deliver industry-leading performance, durability, and precision.
For custom ceramic processing and component design, Great Ceramic offers precision manufacturing solutions tailored to your material and dielectric performance needs.
Dielectric Constant: Ceramics vs Other Materials
To help you understand the advantages of ceramic dielectric constant in material selection, the following chart compares ceramic materials with common insulator materials, electronic industry materials and polymer plastics:
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